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Related Concept Videos

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
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The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic...
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Antipsychotic drugs primarily block dopamine and serotonin receptors and cholinergic, adrenergic, and histaminergic receptors, thereby reducing hallucinations and delusions in conditions like schizophrenia. However, they can trigger unwanted extrapyramidal effects such as dystonias, Parkinson-like symptoms, and tardive dyskinesia.
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Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
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Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...
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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
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Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis
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[Negative symptoms: which antipsychotics?].

M Maurel1, R Belzeaux1, M Adida1

  • 1SHU Psychiatrie adultes, Hôpital Ste Marguerite, 13274 Marseille cedex 9, France.

L'Encephale
|January 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Treating schizophrenia negative symptoms is challenging. Antipsychotics reduce secondary symptoms, but evidence does not support direct action on primary negative symptoms.

Keywords:
Antipsychotiques de première générationAntipsychotiques de seconde générationFirst generation antipsychoticsPrimary negative symptomsSchizophreniaSchizophrénieSecond generation antipsychoticsSecondary negative symptomsSymptômes négatifs primairesSymptômes négatifs secondaires

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Negative symptoms of schizophrenia significantly impair functional and social prognosis.
  • Effective treatment for negative symptoms remains a critical challenge in schizophrenia management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effectiveness of antipsychotics in treating negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
  • To differentiate the impact of antipsychotics on primary versus secondary negative symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on first- and second-generation antipsychotics.
  • Analysis of treatment outcomes for negative symptoms in schizophrenia patients.

Main Results:

  • Both first- and second-generation antipsychotics demonstrate efficacy in reducing overall negative symptoms.
  • The literature does not support the direct therapeutic effect of antipsychotics on primary negative symptoms.
  • Antipsychotics show proven effectiveness in alleviating secondary negative symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • While antipsychotics can reduce overall negative symptoms in schizophrenia, their direct impact on primary negative symptoms is not established.
  • Current antipsychotic treatments are more effective for secondary negative symptoms, highlighting a need for novel therapeutic strategies for primary negative symptoms.