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Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor Cerebral Function Monitor to Neonates
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Application of an Amplitude-integrated EEG Monitor Cerebral Function Monitor to Neonates

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Relationship between brain activity and voiding patterns in healthy preterm neonates.

Y S Zhang1, C X Huang2, J G Wen3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China.

Journal of Pediatric Urology
|January 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain activity, measured by electroencephalography (EEG), correlates with bladder voiding in preterm infants. EEG amplitude changes suggest developing bladder sensor function and brain involvement in voiding during quiet sleep.

Keywords:
BrainEEGNewbornPretermVideoVoiding

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Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol
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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal neurology
  • Urology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The relationship between brain activity and bladder control in preterm newborns is debated.
  • While constant bladder volume was thought to drive voiding, recent evidence suggests central nervous system influence.
  • Video electroencephalography (EEG) is a tool to study brain activity and its link to voiding in preterm infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between brain activity and voiding patterns in healthy preterm neonates using video-EEG.

Main Methods:

  • Forty-seven healthy preterm neonates were grouped by postconceptional age (PCA).
  • Video-EEG data from eight cortical regions were recorded.
  • Four-hour voiding patterns and voiding status (awake/sleep) were monitored.

Main Results:

  • Voiding frequency was higher and volume lower in the youngest group (31-33 weeks PCA).
  • No significant differences were found in bladder capacity, bladder capacity/birth weight, postvoiding residual/bladder capacity, or urinary flow rate across groups.
  • EEG lead amplitudes showed significant differences in specific electrode pairs and bands (theta) related to voiding events and across urination states, particularly in younger groups.

Conclusions:

  • Preterm neonates show slow bladder function development, with no significant differences in key bladder metrics across age groups.
  • Changes in EEG amplitude correlate with increasing postconceptional age, suggesting bladder sensor maturation.
  • Brain activity changes during quiet sleep voiding, particularly in the right prefrontal cortex and central region, indicate neurological involvement in preterm infant voiding.