Injury to the lateral ligaments of the ankle

Ankle sprains are common and often are treated inadequately. Unstable lateral ankle ligaments cause abnormal ankle motion and can lead to degenerative changes. Arthrography is the superior radiographic study in acutely injured ankles. Stress tests are useful if positive; however, because false-negative tests are common, general anesthesia should be considered. Chronic injuries may be evaluated well with stress testing. Conservative treatment (that is, mobilization) with aggressive rehabilitation is probably the best treatment for all lateral ligament injuries, unless certain mechanical stability is of paramount importance. Finally, the results of late reconstruction equal those of early repair.