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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

4.3K
Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
4.3K
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

802
Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

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Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

15.4K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
15.4K
Cotranslational Protein Translocation01:20

Cotranslational Protein Translocation

10.9K
Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the translocation machinery are still conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Sec61 channel partners for cotranslational translocation
During cotranslational translocation, the Sec61 channel partners with the signal recognition particle (SRP), the signal recognition particle receptor (SR), and the ribosomes to transport the nascent polypeptide chain...
10.9K
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.9K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.9K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Genome-wide Quantification of Translation in Budding Yeast by Ribosome Profiling
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Genome-wide Quantification of Translation in Budding Yeast by Ribosome Profiling

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TRANS PROF DB: A new resource for sharing translational profiles.

Ruth V Spriggs1, Anne E Willis1

  • 1MRC Toxicology Unit ; Leicester, UK.

Translation (Austin, Tex.)
|January 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary

TRANS PROF DB is a new manually curated database detailing human mRNA translational status. It provides an accessible resource for understanding gene expression and facilitates data reuse for translational profiling research.

Keywords:
archivedatabasehand-curatedmeta-analysespolysome profileresourcetranslational profile

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Last Updated: Mar 27, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Translational efficiency of individual mRNAs is crucial for gene expression regulation.
  • Genome-wide translational profiling techniques generate valuable data on cellular states.
  • Existing data are often difficult to access and analyze comprehensively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create TRANS PROF DB, a manually curated database of human mRNA translational status.
  • To improve the understanding and accessibility of translational profiling data.
  • To facilitate data reuse and meta-analyses across different experimental datasets.

Main Methods:

  • Manual curation of translational profiling data from published studies.
  • Annotation of translational status for human mRNAs under defined conditions.
  • Inclusion of both summarized conclusions and raw analyzed data where available.

Main Results:

  • TRANS PROF DB provides annotated conclusions (e.g., "Translation up-regulated") for each gene.
  • The database includes raw analyzed data, such as normalized microarray output, when available.
  • It serves as a central, searchable archive of publicly available translational profiling datasets.

Conclusions:

  • TRANS PROF DB enhances the utility of translational profiling data.
  • The database promotes data sharing and reuse within the research community.
  • It aims to become a comprehensive resource for translational regulation studies.