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Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
Published on: December 29, 2016
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In vacuo interfacial tetrapyrrole metallation
Katharina Diller1, Anthoula C Papageorgiou2, Florian Klappenberger2
1Physik-Department E20, Technische Universität München (TUM), James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany. wau@tum.de and Institute of Condensed Matter Physics (ICMP), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. katharina.diller@epfl.ch.
Chemical Society Reviews
|January 20, 2016
Summary
On-surface metallation of tetrapyrroles under vacuum offers a novel route to metal-organic complexes. This method provides precise control over metal centers, crucial for tailoring properties in nanomaterials.
Area of Science:
- Surface science
- Supramolecular chemistry
- Materials science
Background:
- Tetrapyrroles, like porphyrins and phthalocyanines, are vital in biological systems and synthetic materials.
- Controlling metal centers within these macrocycles is key to achieving desired properties.
- On-surface synthesis offers unique advantages for creating complex metallo-tetrapyrrole systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of in vacuo tetrapyrrole metallation techniques.
- To assess and compare various on-surface metallation protocols.
- To discuss the state-of-the-art methodology for on-surface tetrapyrrole chemistry.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions for controlled synthesis.
- Employing physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for metal supply.
- Investigating self-metallation using substrate atoms and scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip manipulation.
Main Results:
- Development of precise metallation pathways for tetrapyrroles on surfaces.
- Access to metallo-tetrapyrrole systems challenging for conventional methods.
- Insight into on-surface tetrapyrrole chemistry and the formation of 2D and 3D architectures.
Conclusions:
- On-surface metallation is an unconventional yet powerful approach for synthesizing metallo-tetrapyrroles.
- This methodology enables exquisite control over metal incorporation, leading to tailored nanomaterials.
- The study highlights the versatility and effectiveness of various in vacuo metallation protocols.
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