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Simple Versus Complex Factor Analyses of Responses to Multiple Scale Questionnaires.

F H Walkey

    Multivariate Behavioral Research
    |January 20, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Using inappropriate factor analysis criteria can lead to fragmented results. Conservative factor solutions are better for revealing underlying structures and improving interpretability.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychometrics
    • Factor Analysis

    Background:

    • Inappropriate criteria for factor sufficiency can lead to fragmentation and interpretation difficulties.
    • Factor rotation procedures may result in numerous factors, complicating analysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To discuss the effects of inappropriate criteria for factor sufficiency.
    • To outline procedures for reducing factor fragmentation and improving interpretability.
    • To address the implications of underfactoring.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of two psychometrically equivalent matrices with an imposed scale structure.
    • Comparison of solutions obtained using a minimum eigenvalue of 1.00 versus more conservative factor solutions.
    • Examination of higher-order solutions and their similarity to lower-order solutions.

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    Main Results:

    • A minimum eigenvalue of 1.00 criterion resulted in dissimilar solutions that failed to reveal the imposed structure.
    • Conservative two- and three-factor solutions successfully revealed the imposed scale structure in both matrices.
    • Similarities were found between two- and three-factor solutions across different levels, contrasting with dissimilar four-factor solutions.

    Conclusions:

    • The choice of criteria for factor sufficiency significantly impacts the interpretability and replicability of factor analysis results.
    • Conservative factor solutions are often more effective in uncovering true underlying structures.
    • Procedures to mitigate factor fragmentation are crucial for reliable psychometric analysis.