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Related Concept Videos

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
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Skin Cancer01:30

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair Growth and Types01:20

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Hair growth begins with the production of keratinocytes by the basal cells of the hair bulb. As new cells are deposited at the hair bulb, the hair shaft is pushed through the follicle toward the surface. Keratinization is completed as the cells are pushed to the skin surface to form the shaft of hair that is externally visible. The external hair is completely dead and composed entirely of keratin. Hair can be cut or shaven without damaging the hair structure because the cut is superficial. Most...
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Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
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[Vitiligo: Clinical presentation and pathogenesis].

M Schild1, M Meurer2

  • 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Deutschland.

Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, Und Verwandte Gebiete
|January 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitiligo, a chronic skin condition causing depigmentation, significantly impacts quality of life. New research offers insights into its autoimmune causes, genetic factors, and links to other diseases, potentially guiding future vitiligo treatments.

Keywords:
Autoimmune diseasesDiagnostic workupDifferential diagnosesQuality of lifeSkin cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Vitiligo is a chronic skin disorder characterized by depigmentation due to melanocyte damage.
  • It affects quality of life significantly, influenced by cultural factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current understanding of vitiligo classification, pathogenesis, and associated conditions.
  • To highlight new insights into genetic susceptibility and autoimmune mechanisms.
  • To emphasize the importance of recognizing associated disorders and quality of life impacts.

Main Methods:

  • Review of international consensus on vitiligo classification.
  • Synthesis of recent research on vitiligo pathogenesis, genetics, and associations.
  • Analysis of the impact of vitiligo on quality of life.

Main Results:

  • International consensus classifies vitiligo into nonsegmental and segmental types.
  • New insights reveal genetic susceptibility, autoimmune inflammation targets, and melanocyte alterations.
  • Vitiligo is associated with other autoimmune diseases, skin cancer, and cancer immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

  • Recognizing associated autoimmune disorders and assessing quality of life are crucial.
  • Understanding pathogenesis may lead to new therapeutic strategies for vitiligo.
  • The link between vitiligo, skin cancer, and immunotherapies necessitates close monitoring and further research.