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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Bladder01:23

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
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Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies
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[Specific types of bladder cancer].

S Bertz1, A Hartmann2, R Knüchel-Clarke3

  • 1Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Krankenhausstrasse 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland. simone.bertz@uk-erlangen.de.

Der Pathologe
|January 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Bladder cancer has rare variants and special subtypes requiring accurate histological diagnosis for effective treatment. Understanding these diverse subtypes is crucial for patient prognosis and therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
AdenocarcinomaSmall cell neuroendocrine carcinomaSquamous cell carcinomaUrothelial carcinomaVariants

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Area of Science:

  • Uro-oncology
  • Pathology
  • Cancer Histology

Background:

  • Bladder cancer presents with diverse rare variants and special subtypes.
  • Accurate histological diagnosis of these subtypes is critical for determining prognosis and guiding therapeutic approaches.
  • Variants like nested, plasmacytoid, and micropapillary urothelial carcinoma exhibit aggressive behavior and poor prognoses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the morphology and histology of important rare variants and special types of bladder cancer.
  • To highlight the prognostic significance and therapeutic implications of these diverse bladder cancer subtypes.
  • To aid pathologists in the accurate identification and classification of bladder cancer variants.

Main Methods:

  • Review of World Health Organization (WHO) classification of bladder tumors.
  • Histopathological analysis of rare bladder cancer variants and special types.
  • Discussion of clinical significance and prognostic factors associated with each subtype.

Main Results:

  • Nested variant: aggressive course.
  • Plasmacytoid variant: shorter survival, high peritoneal metastasis risk.
  • Micropapillary variant: poor prognosis, frequent lymphovascular invasion.
  • Special types (squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, small cell neuroendocrine) show varied responses to therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate histological subtyping of bladder cancer is essential for patient management.
  • Rare variants and special types possess distinct prognostic implications.
  • Understanding these histological differences informs tailored treatment strategies and improves patient outcomes.