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Detecting position dependent tremor with the Empirical mode decomposition.

André Lee1, Eckart Altenmüller1

  • 1Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, Hannover University of Music, Drama and Media, Emmichplatz 1, 30175 Hannover, Germany.

Journal of Clinical Movement Disorders
|January 21, 2016
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Summary

Primary bowing tremor (PBT) in violinists is nonlinear. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) offers superior analysis of PBT compared to Fourier transform methods (FFT), accurately distinguishing tremor from voluntary movement.

Keywords:
DystoniaDystonic tremorEMDEssential tremorHilbert spectrumMusician

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Primary bowing tremor (PBT) affects violinists' bowing arm, characterized by nonlinear and non-stationary signals.
  • Traditional Fourier-transform based methods (FFT) assume signal linearity and stationarity, limiting their effectiveness for PBT analysis.
  • A novel approach using empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is proposed for analyzing nonlinear and non-stationary tremor signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the application of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) for analyzing primary bowing tremor (PBT) in a professional violinist.
  • To compare the efficacy of EMD with traditional Fourier transform methods (FFT) in characterizing PBT.
  • To determine if EMD can differentiate between involuntary tremor and voluntary movements in musicians.

Main Methods:

  • Tremor data were collected from a professional violinist using an accelerometer.
  • Data were analyzed using empirical mode decomposition (EMD), Hilbert transform, Hilbert spectrum, and marginal Hilbert spectrum.
  • Findings from EMD analysis were compared against results from FFT spectrum and spectrogram.

Main Results:

  • EMD successfully decomposed tremor signals into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs).
  • EMD provided instantaneous frequency and amplitude, effectively distinguishing tremor-related IMFs from those associated with voluntary movement.
  • FFT analysis exhibited limitations in time-frequency resolution and showed artifacts from voluntary movements.

Conclusions:

  • Primary bowing tremor (PBT) is a nonlinear and non-stationary phenomenon.
  • Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) provides accurate analysis of PBT by yielding instantaneous amplitude and frequency.
  • EMD is a valuable tool for differentiating involuntary tremor from voluntary movements in musicians.