Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Methods of Obtaining Topography01:25

Methods of Obtaining Topography

446
Topography involves measuring and mapping land elevations, natural features, and artificial structures to create accurate representations of the terrain. Topographic surveying relies on traditional and modern methods, each with distinct advantages and limitations.Traditional Surveying Methods:Transit stadia surveys and plane table surveys were widely used traditional surveying methods. These techniques relied on instruments like theodolites and stadia rods for measuring distances and angles,...
446
Topographic Surveying and Contours01:29

Topographic Surveying and Contours

1.4K
Topographic surveying is critical for documenting the Earth's surface, focusing on capturing elevations, slopes, and natural and man-made features. It is essential in construction planning, water resource management, and land-use analysis. The primary outcome of such surveys is a topographic map, which uses contour lines to visually represent the shape and slope of the terrain, providing valuable insights into the landscape's characteristics.Contour lines are fundamental to understanding the...
1.4K
Plotting of Topographic Maps01:29

Plotting of Topographic Maps

715
Topographic maps represent the Earth's surface features using contour lines, which connect points of equal elevation to create a two-dimensional representation of three-dimensional terrain. Creating a topographic map requires a systematic approach.Begin by plotting a scaled grid and marking intersections corresponding to the survey's elevation data points. Assign elevation values at these intersections to build the base map. Next, determine contour levels using a consistent contour interval,...
715
Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling01:26

Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling

1.2K
During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance. Over a...
1.2K
Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

4.7K
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...
4.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Potassium ion fluorescent sensing in chemically stimulated mammalian cells using a GINKO2-encapsulated sensor fibremat.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Calcium silicate sol-gel derived amorphous materials incorporating silver, zinc, or cupper ions: Effects of ion type and sample amount on antibacterial properties and cell compatibility.

Dental materials journal·2025
Same author

Field-Emitted Silver Ions at Atmospheric Pressure: Antibacterial Activity and Penetration Into Artificial Skin.

Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A·2025
Same author

Borate-Ion-Stimulated Macrophages Promote Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Advanced healthcare materials·2025
Same author

Si Inhibited Osteoclastogenesis: The Role of Fe and the Fenton Reaction.

Advanced healthcare materials·2025
Same author

Influence of Seven Ion Species on Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Stimulated by Macrophages in Indirect and Direct Coculture Systems.

Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Use of Principal Components for Scaling Up Topographic Models to Map Soil Redistribution and Soil Organic Carbon
09:44

Use of Principal Components for Scaling Up Topographic Models to Map Soil Redistribution and Soil Organic Carbon

Published on: October 16, 2018

10.8K

Tutorial on platform for optical topography analysis tools.

Stephanie Sutoko1, Hiroki Sato1, Atsushi Maki1

  • 1Hitachi Ltd. , Research and Development Group, 2520 Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan.

Neurophotonics
|January 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces POTATo, a software for analyzing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) brain imaging data. POTATo aids in understanding brain activity, with results showing activated dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during working memory tasks.

Keywords:
analysis platformbrain activationfunctional near-infrared spectroscopyoptical topographyplatform for optical topography analysis toolstutorialworking memory

More Related Videos

Automated 3D Optical Coherence Tomography to Elucidate Biofilm Morphogenesis Over Large Spatial Scales
09:56

Automated 3D Optical Coherence Tomography to Elucidate Biofilm Morphogenesis Over Large Spatial Scales

Published on: August 21, 2019

7.4K
High-Throughput Analysis of Optical Mapping Data Using ElectroMap
07:36

High-Throughput Analysis of Optical Mapping Data Using ElectroMap

Published on: June 4, 2019

10.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Use of Principal Components for Scaling Up Topographic Models to Map Soil Redistribution and Soil Organic Carbon
09:44

Use of Principal Components for Scaling Up Topographic Models to Map Soil Redistribution and Soil Organic Carbon

Published on: October 16, 2018

10.8K
Automated 3D Optical Coherence Tomography to Elucidate Biofilm Morphogenesis Over Large Spatial Scales
09:56

Automated 3D Optical Coherence Tomography to Elucidate Biofilm Morphogenesis Over Large Spatial Scales

Published on: August 21, 2019

7.4K
High-Throughput Analysis of Optical Mapping Data Using ElectroMap
07:36

High-Throughput Analysis of Optical Mapping Data Using ElectroMap

Published on: June 4, 2019

10.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique measuring brain activity via hemoglobin concentration changes.
  • fNIRS is widely used in neurodisorder diagnosis, cognitive psychology, and psychiatric evaluations.
  • Analyzing fNIRS data requires robust preprocessing and signal interpretation for reliable results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the Platform for Optical Topography Analysis Tools (POTATo) software for fNIRS data analysis.
  • To provide a systematic guide for handling and analyzing fNIRS data using POTATo.
  • To demonstrate POTATo's capabilities with a working memory task example.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the POTATo software package for fNIRS data analysis.
  • Systematic description of data preprocessing, signal extraction, statistical analysis, and visualization.
  • Implementation of a plug-in feature for user-defined function integration.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated robust analysis of fNIRS data for a working memory task.
  • Identified activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, consistent with prior research.
  • Highlighted the software's utility in validating preprocessing and signal interpretation.

Conclusions:

  • POTATo offers a comprehensive tool for fNIRS data analysis across various applications.
  • The software facilitates reliable interpretation of brain activity, supporting neuroscientific research.
  • POTATo encourages methodological advancements through its extensible plug-in architecture.