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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

A Contusive Model of Unilateral Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Using the Infinite Horizon Impactor
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A Unilateral Cervical Spinal Cord Contusion Injury Model in Non-Human Primates (Macaca mulatta).

Ernesto A Salegio1, Jacqueline C Bresnahan1, Carolyn J Sparrey2

  • 11 Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California at San Francisco , San Francisco, California.

Journal of Neurotrauma
|January 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary

A new non-human primate model for spinal cord injury (SCI) uses precise actuators to create graded lesions. This clinically relevant model aids in testing new therapies for cervical SCI and understanding functional recovery.

Keywords:
biomechanics of injurycontusionfunctional recoveryprimatespinal cord injury

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Last Updated: Mar 26, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Translational Medicine

Background:

  • Spinal cord injury (SCI) research requires robust animal models to study injury mechanisms and test therapies.
  • Existing rodent models have limitations in translational relevance for human SCI.
  • Non-human primates (NHPs) offer a closer anatomical and physiological parallel to humans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel non-human primate model of cervical spinal cord injury (C6-C7).
  • To establish a predictable and reproducible method for generating graded contusion lesions.
  • To correlate injury parameters with functional outcomes for translational research.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a controllable, electronically-driven actuator for precise, friction-free impact delivery.
  • Employed pre-operative MRI to tailor injury protocols to individual NHP anatomy (spinal canal, cord, CSF space).
  • Assessed lesion characteristics (placement, volume, spread) using post-operative MRI and histology; evaluated behavioral outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Generated graded unilateral C6-C7 contusion lesions in nine NHPs, with outcomes varying by impact parameters.
  • Demonstrated consistency between NHP model findings and previous rodent SCI studies.
  • Identified distinct functional deficits based on impact energy: high force led to lateralized forelimb/hand deficits, while lower force resulted in transient weakness and impaired fine digital control.

Conclusions:

  • The developed NHP SCI model provides a clinically relevant platform for evaluating translational therapies.
  • The model allows for precise control over injury severity and detailed assessment of functional recovery.
  • This system facilitates the study of cervical SCI pathophysiology and the efficacy of potential treatments.