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Dysphagia in the high-risk infant: potential factors and mechanisms

Sudarshan Jadcherla1

  • 1Nationwide Children's Hospital Research Institute and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH sudarshan.jadcherla@nationwidechildrens.org.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|January 22, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Neonatal dysphagia (abnormalities of swallowing) delays growth and development in high-risk infants. Understanding its pathophysiology is key to improving feeding strategies and long-term outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Neonatology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Neonatal dysphagia is a significant global health issue impacting infant growth and development.
  • High-risk infants (premature, low-birth-weight, congenital anomalies, perinatal asphyxia, postsurgical, sepsis) are particularly affected.
  • Current diagnostic and management strategies are limited by nonspecific symptoms and patient phenotype heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present mechanistic evidence on the pathophysiologic basis of neonatal dysphagia.
  • To explore opportunities for improving feeding abilities and long-term development in affected infants.

Main Methods:

  • Review of mechanistic evidence related to neonatal dysphagia pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of aerodigestive symptoms, risk factors, and etiologies.

Main Results:

  • Dysfunctional feeding patterns in neonates lead to delayed growth, development, and feeding skills.
  • Lack of validated diagnostic approaches and generalized feeding strategies complicates management.
  • Nonspecific aerodigestive symptoms and signs contribute to diagnostic challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into the pathophysiologic basis of neonatal dysphagia is crucial.
  • Developing validated diagnostic tools and evidence-based feeding strategies is essential.
  • Improving feeding abilities can enhance long-term development in high-risk infants.

Keywords:
aerodigestive reflexesdysphagiafeeding disordersgastroesophageal refluxneonate

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