Quantum cascade lasers designed toward shorter wavelengths

Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are normally based on one-dimensional confined quantum wells. In this scheme, it is still a challenge to produce lasing with a frequency higher than mid-infrared. Here, we discuss the possibility to extend the spectral range of QCLs to the higher frequency region by adding another dimensional confinement. Taking the ZnO/MgO system as an example, we demonstrate theoretically that such a two-dimensional confined QCL can operate at wavelengths from the near-infrared [Formula: see text] μm, 1.57 μm, 1.13 μm to the visible 734 nm.