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Related Concept Videos

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

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Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
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Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

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Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
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Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory01:23

Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory

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Neurotransmitters are integral to the brain's communication system, enabling neurons to transmit signals across synapses. This chemical exchange underpins various cognitive functions, including memory processes. The role of neurotransmitters in memory is multifaceted, influencing the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories through their action on different neural circuits.
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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Using Enzyme-based Biosensors to Measure Tonic and Phasic Glutamate in Alzheimer's Mouse Models
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[Glutamate transporter dysfunction and major mental illnesses].

Kohichi Tanaka

    Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
    |January 23, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Altered glutamate transporter function, specifically GLT1 and GLAST, is linked to neurological and psychiatric disorders. Animal models with these transporter deficits mimic behavioral abnormalities seen in conditions like schizophrenia and addiction.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Neurochemistry

    Context:

    • Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
    • Dysregulation of glutamate levels can lead to neuronal toxicity.
    • Astrocytes play a crucial role in clearing extracellular glutamate via GLT1 (EAAT2) and GLAST (EAAT1) transporters.

    Purpose:

    • To review the role of glutamate transporters GLT1 and GLAST in neurological and psychiatric disorders.
    • To explore how genetic alterations in these transporters contribute to disease phenotypes.

    Summary:

    • Rare variants and reduced expression of GLT1 and GLAST are implicated in psychiatric disorders.
    • Studies using GLT1 and/or GLAST knockout mice show that these genetic modifications replicate behavioral abnormalities observed in major mental illnesses.

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    Deriving the Time Course of Glutamate Clearance with a Deconvolution Analysis of Astrocytic Transporter Currents
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  • These include schizophrenia, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, autism, epilepsy, and addiction.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights the critical role of glutamate homeostasis in brain function.
    • Suggests that targeting glutamate transporter dysfunction could be a therapeutic strategy for various psychiatric and neurological conditions.
    • Provides a basis for understanding the pathophysiology of these disorders through the lens of impaired glutamate clearance.