Three-Mode Multidimensional Scaling With Points Of View Solutions

In the area of multidimensional scaling research, the three most popular models are Tucker and Messick's (1963) Points-of-View, Carroll and Chang's (1970) INDSCAL, and Tucker's (1972) Three-Mode procedures. However, each of these models has some theoretical and/or methodological difficulties in application to the real world. In this article, a new quantitative model, called 3M-POV, has been developed by combining the Three-Mode and Points-of-View models into a single analytic procedure. While the strengths of all three models have been kept, their difficulties have been eliminated. The present procedures have potential applicability to various context domains in social and behavioral research. For illustration, Osgood et el's (1975) indigenous inter-concept distances among 22 kincepts form 28 language/culture communities have been applied and resulted in very interesting solutions.