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US Veterans' Court Programs: An Inventory and Analysis of National Survey Data.
R Scott Johnson1, Andrea G Stolar2,3,4, James F McGuire5
1Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. rscottjohnson3@gmail.com.
Veterans' courts (VC) programs with measurable goals, frequent drug testing, and severe sanctions showed higher termination rates. Programs with less stringent testing, behavioral contracts, and brief incarcerations had lower termination rates.
Area of Science:
- Criminal Justice
- Public Health
- Veterans Affairs
Background:
- Veterans' courts (VC) are specialized judicial initiatives aimed at addressing the unique needs of veterans involved in the legal system.
- Understanding the operational elements that influence program success is crucial for optimizing VC outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide descriptive data on the current status of various elements within US veterans' courts.
- To identify specific program characteristics predictive of participant termination rates.
Main Methods:
- A nationwide phone survey was conducted to inventory US veterans' courts.
- Linear regression analysis was employed to determine the association between court elements and program termination rates.
Main Results:
- Programs with phase progression based on measurable goals, frequent drug/alcohol testing, and stricter sanctions for immediate goal failures were associated with higher termination rates.
- Programs utilizing behavioral contracts, less stringent testing in later phases, and brief incarcerations were associated with lower termination rates.
Conclusions:
- Empirical data on VC operational elements can inform the development and refinement of these specialized courts.
- Specific program structures and policies significantly impact participant retention and success in veterans' courts.
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