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    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Gerontology
    • Cognitive Science

    Background:

    • Understanding age-related changes in cognitive abilities is crucial for healthy aging.
    • Previous research has yielded mixed findings on the stability of cognitive factor structures across the adult lifespan.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate age-related differences in the factor structure of cognitive abilities in adulthood.
    • To examine how the relationships between cognitive factors change from young adulthood to older age.

    Main Methods:

    • Employed simultaneous maximum likelihood procedures for analyzing age differences.
    • Analyzed data from 198 young adults (15-32 years), 173 younger-old adults (51-67 years), and 153 older-old adults (68-83 years).
    • Utilized fourteen ability tests measuring five cognitive factors: Verbal Comprehension, Number Facility, Perceptual Speed, Symbolic Cognition, and Flexibility of Closure.

    Main Results:

    • No significant changes were observed in the number of cognitive factors or salient loadings across age groups.
    • The magnitude of factor covariances tended to increase with age.
    • These covariance shifts were not uniform, varying based on the specific cognitive factors and the timing of increases.

    Conclusions:

    • The structure of cognitive abilities remains largely invariant across adulthood.
    • Intellectual functioning demonstrates increasing interdependence in late life.
    • Cognitive factors become more integrated in older age, suggesting a shift in cognitive organization.