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Intrauterine growth restriction predicts lower lung function at school age in children born very preterm

Eveliina Ronkainen1, Teija Dunder2, Tuula Kaukola3

  • 1PEDEGO Research Center, and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.

Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition
|January 24, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) significantly lowers school-age lung function in very preterm children. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) also contributes to reduced lung function, highlighting early factors impacting respiratory health.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric pulmonology
  • Neonatology
  • Respiratory medicine

Background:

  • Children born preterm often exhibit reduced lung function compared to term-born peers.
  • Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a potential risk factor for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease later in life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if IUGR predicts school-age lung function in very preterm infants.
  • To compare lung function between term-born and preterm-born children with specific morbidities.

Main Methods:

  • An observational study involving 88 preterm and 88 term-born children at a mean age of 11 years.
  • Spirometry and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) were measured.
  • Preterm infants were categorized based on IUGR (birth weight < -2 SD) versus no IUGR.

Main Results:

  • Preterm children with IUGR had significantly lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and DLCO compared to preterm children without IUGR.
  • The negative impact of IUGR on FEV1 and DLCO persisted even after adjusting for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
  • While prematurity contributed to reduced FEV1, it did not significantly affect DLCO after accounting for IUGR and BPD.

Conclusions:

  • IUGR is an independent risk factor for diminished lung function at school age in children born very preterm.
  • Both IUGR and BPD are identified as key early factors contributing to reduced lung function in very preterm infants.
Abstract

Keywords:
bronchopulmonary dysplasiaintrauterine growth restrictionlung function testpremature birthpulmonary outcome

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