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Related Concept Videos

Urine Studies I: Urinalysis01:29

Urine Studies I: Urinalysis

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Urinalysis is a widely used diagnostic test that analyzes urine's physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics. Healthcare providers use it to detect and monitor various health conditions, including renal disease, urinary tract infections (UTIs), diabetes, and metabolic or systemic disorders.Components of UrinalysisUrinalysis consists of three primary components: physical, chemical, and microscopic examination. Each provides unique insights into the urine sample and, by extension, the...
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Physiology of Urine Formation01:24

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Urine formation is an essential function of the human body. It plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating the volume and composition of body fluids. The kidneys, the primary organs involved in this process, filter blood to remove waste products and excess substances, ultimately producing urine.
Glomerular Filtration
The first stage in urine formation is glomerular filtration. Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons, the functional units of filtration, with a...
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Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests01:24

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Renal function tests are crucial for assessing kidney health, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating the kidneys' efficiency in waste elimination, fluid balance, and electrolyte regulation. These tests offer critical insights into kidney function, even though routine measurements may appear normal until there is a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate or GFR. Typically, signs of kidney impairment only become evident when the GFR falls to about 50% of its normal level.
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Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

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IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
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Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution01:20

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Physiology of the Genitourinary System II: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion01:22

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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
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[MODIFICATION OF URINE PROTEOME IN HEALTHY HUMAN DURING 21-DAY BED REST].

L Kh Pastushkova, M A Custaud, A S Kononikhin

    Aviakosmicheskaia I Ekologicheskaia Meditsina = Aerospace and Environmental Medicine
    |January 26, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Mass spectrometry proteomics identified 169 proteins in urine from 8 volunteers during a 21-day bed rest study. Cardiovascular proteins showed altered dynamics, suggesting biological process activation during bed rest.

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    Area of Science:

    • Proteomics
    • Biochemistry
    • Bioinformatics

    Context:

    • Bed rest studies simulate microgravity effects on the human body.
    • Understanding physiological changes during prolonged inactivity is crucial for astronaut health and patient recovery.

    Purpose:

    • To identify urinary proteomic changes during a 21-day bed rest (BR) study.
    • To investigate the functional roles and dynamics of identified proteins, particularly those related to the cardiovascular system.

    Summary:

    • Mass spectrometry-based proteomics analyzed urine from 8 normal volunteers undergoing 21-day bed rest.
    • 169 unique proteins were identified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and bioinformatics tools.
    • Analysis revealed 14 proteins involved in cardiovascular functions, with their occurrence dynamics studied throughout the experiment.

    Impact:

    • The study identified potential biomarkers for physiological changes induced by bed rest.
    • Findings suggest activation of specific biological processes, particularly within the cardiovascular system, during prolonged inactivity.
    • This research contributes to understanding human physiological adaptation to reduced gravity environments.