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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

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Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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The tumour hypoxia induced non-coding transcriptome.

Hani Choudhry1, Adrian L Harris2, Alan McIntyre3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Molecular Aspects of Medicine
|January 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tumour hypoxia, driven by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), involves non-coding RNAs like microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). These RNAs regulate key cancer processes and are also regulated by HIFs.

Keywords:
CancerHypoxiaNon-coding RNAlncRNAmiRNA

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Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Tumour hypoxia is prevalent in solid tumours, correlating with poor patient survival and treatment resistance.
  • Hypoxia stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF1α and HIF2α), which orchestrate transcriptomic alterations.
  • These HIF-driven changes promote cancer hallmarks, enabling tumour growth, survival, and invasion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding non-coding RNAs in tumour hypoxia.
  • To explore the expression, regulation, and functional roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in hypoxic tumour microenvironments.
  • To examine the interplay between HIFs and non-coding RNAs in cancer progression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific investigations.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on non-coding RNA expression and function under hypoxic conditions.
  • Examination of regulatory mechanisms involving HIFs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs.

Main Results:

  • Non-coding RNAs, including miRNAs and lncRNAs, are critical regulators of hypoxia-induced processes.
  • These RNAs influence metabolism, angiogenesis, autophagy, invasion, and metastasis in hypoxic tumours.
  • HIF1α and HIF2α expression and stabilization are modulated by both miRNAs and lncRNAs.

Conclusions:

  • Non-coding RNAs play significant roles in mediating cancer phenotypes associated with tumour hypoxia.
  • The intricate regulatory network between HIFs and non-coding RNAs is crucial for tumour adaptation and progression.
  • Targeting these non-coding RNAs presents potential therapeutic avenues for hypoxic solid tumours.