Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

10.0K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
10.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A stakeholder-inclusive conceptual framework for modeling routinely collected health data for therapeutic decision-making illustrated by means of multistate models.

BMC medical research methodology·2026
Same author

Identification of risk factors for hospital-onset bacteremia to inform a routine data based risk prediction - an umbrella review.

The Journal of hospital infection·2026
Same author

Evaluation of neutrophil oxidative burst capacity in relation to major adverse cardiac events and infection in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society·2026
Same author

A distributed analysis approach for pharmacovigilance data from electronic medical records in German university hospitals: the POLAR_MI ETL Pipeline.

BMC medical informatics and decision making·2026
Same author

Multidomain correlates of burnout: A population-based study using supervised machine learning.

Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology·2026
Same author

Impact of an online-guided physical activity intervention on cognition, resting-state brain connectivity, and the gut microbiome in healthy older adults-a randomized controlled trial.

GeroScience·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

An In Vitro Approach to Study Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Cybrid Model
06:05

An In Vitro Approach to Study Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Cybrid Model

Published on: March 9, 2022

4.6K

Mitochondrial DNA: An Endogenous Trigger for Immune Paralysis.

Simon T Schäfer1, Lars Franken, Michael Adamzik

  • 1From the Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universität Duisburg-Essen and Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany (S.T.S., M.A., A.E., N.S., J.W., J.P.); Institut für molekulare Medizin und experimentelle Immunologie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (L.F., C.K.); Klinik für Anästhesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin, Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum und Ruhruniversität Bochum, Bochum, Germany (M.A.); Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Parasitologie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (B.S.); Klinische Epidemiologie, Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) Sepsis und Sepsisfolgen - Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany (A.S.); Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany (S.K., T.B.); Institut für Pathologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen and Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany (H.A.B.); Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen and Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany (J.S., A.M.W.); Institut für Physiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (J.F., S.F.); Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany (S.F.); and Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany (A.L.).

Anesthesiology
|January 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a novel inducer of septic immunoparalysis in critically ill patients. Elevated mtDNA levels in sepsis patients correlate with increased mortality, highlighting its role in immune suppression.

More Related Videos

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4
09:29

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Published on: August 21, 2017

12.1K
Detection of Anti-MDA5 Autoantibodies Using HeLa Cells and Immunocytochemistry with Light Microscopy
10:55

Detection of Anti-MDA5 Autoantibodies Using HeLa Cells and Immunocytochemistry with Light Microscopy

Published on: October 31, 2025

1.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 26, 2026

An In Vitro Approach to Study Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Cybrid Model
06:05

An In Vitro Approach to Study Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Cybrid Model

Published on: March 9, 2022

4.6K
Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4
09:29

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Published on: August 21, 2017

12.1K
Detection of Anti-MDA5 Autoantibodies Using HeLa Cells and Immunocytochemistry with Light Microscopy
10:55

Detection of Anti-MDA5 Autoantibodies Using HeLa Cells and Immunocytochemistry with Light Microscopy

Published on: October 31, 2025

1.0K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Critically ill patients exhibit heightened sepsis susceptibility due to unclear molecular mechanisms, including immune suppression.
  • While microbial triggers are known, the role of endogenous ligands like mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in sepsis-induced immune alterations is unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of endogenous mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as a potential inducer of immune suppression in sepsis.
  • To determine the association between serum mtDNA levels and sepsis outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified serum mtDNA (D-Loop, ATPase 6) in septic patients and healthy volunteers using qPCR.
  • Assessed T-cell cytotoxicity in wild-type and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) knockout mice following mtDNA administration and viral vector injection.

Main Results:

  • Septic patients showed significantly elevated serum mtDNA concentrations compared to controls.
  • mtDNA administration induced TLR9-dependent immunosuppression in mice, impairing T-cell cytotoxicity and altering immune cell populations.
  • Elevated mtDNA levels in patients correlated with increased 30-day mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) acts as an endogenous danger-associated molecular pattern and a novel inducer of septic immunoparalysis.
  • mtDNA may bridge the gap between initial inflammation and subsequent immunosuppression in critically ill patients.