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Related Concept Videos

Fats as Energy Storage Molecules01:06

Fats as Energy Storage Molecules

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Triglycerides are a form of long-term energy storage molecules. They are made of glycerol and three fatty acids. To obtain energy from fat, triglycerides must first be broken down by hydrolysis into their two principal components, fatty acids and glycerol. This process, called lipolysis, takes place in the cytoplasm. The resulting fatty acids are oxidized by β-oxidation into acetyl-CoA, which is used by the Krebs cycle. The glycerol that is released from triglycerides after lipolysis...
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Fats as Energy Storage Molecules01:06

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Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation01:24

Metabolic States of the Body: Fasting and Starvation

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During the initial hours of fasting, the body uses up its glycogen stores as an energy source. Once these glycogen reserves are depleted, the body begins breaking down stored triglycerides and structural proteins. During this stage, glycerol becomes a key substrate for gluconeogenesis, while free fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation to provide energy for tissues, such as skeletal muscle. In the fasting state, the body spares protein breakdown as much as possible to conserve muscle and structural...
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Obesity01:24

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Muscle Recovery and Fatigue01:24

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Muscle fatigue refers to the decline in a muscle's ability to maintain the force of contraction after prolonged activity. It primarily stems from changes within muscle fibers. Even before experiencing muscle fatigue, one may feel tired and have the urge to stop the activity. This response, known as central fatigue, occurs due to changes in the central nervous system, namely the brain and spinal cord. While there is no single mechanism that induces fatigue, it may serve as a protective...
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Overview of Lipid Metabolism01:24

Overview of Lipid Metabolism

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Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Using a Combination of Indirect Calorimetry, Infrared Thermography, and Blood Glucose Levels to Measure Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Humans
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Using a Combination of Indirect Calorimetry, Infrared Thermography, and Blood Glucose Levels to Measure Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Humans

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Fat burn X: burning more than fat.

Kyle Hannabass1, Kevin Robert Olsen2

  • 1University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

BMJ Case Reports
|January 27, 2016
PubMed
Summary

A new fat burner supplement triggered severe muscle cramps and elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels in a 50-year-old man. Prompt fluid resuscitation resolved these symptoms, highlighting potential risks of certain supplements.

Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Toxicology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Dietary supplements, particularly fat burners, are widely used by athletes and fitness enthusiasts.
  • The safety and potential adverse effects of many over-the-counter supplements remain incompletely understood.
  • Rhabdomyolysis, a serious condition involving muscle breakdown, can be triggered by various factors including certain substances.

Observation:

  • A 50-year-old male experienced acute bilateral lower extremity cramping and dark urine.
  • Laboratory findings revealed significantly elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels (2306 U/L), hyperuricemia (9.7 mg/dL), and hematuria.
  • The patient reported initiating a new fat burner supplement ('Fat Burn X') two days prior to symptom onset, with no other precipitating factors identified.

Findings:

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Infrared Thermography for the Detection of Changes in Brown Adipose Tissue Activity
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Last Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Using a Combination of Indirect Calorimetry, Infrared Thermography, and Blood Glucose Levels to Measure Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Humans
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Whole Body and Regional Quantification of Active Human Brown Adipose Tissue Using 18F-FDG PET/CT
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Whole Body and Regional Quantification of Active Human Brown Adipose Tissue Using 18F-FDG PET/CT

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Infrared Thermography for the Detection of Changes in Brown Adipose Tissue Activity
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Infrared Thermography for the Detection of Changes in Brown Adipose Tissue Activity

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  • The clinical presentation and laboratory results were consistent with rhabdomyolysis.
  • Cessation of the 'Fat Burn X' supplement and intravenous fluid resuscitation led to the normalization of CPK and creatinine levels.
  • This suggests a strong causal link between the fat burner supplement and the observed rhabdomyolysis.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the potential for certain dietary supplements to cause serious adverse events like rhabdomyolysis.
  • Healthcare providers should inquire about supplement use in patients presenting with unexplained muscle symptoms and elevated CPK.
  • Further research into the specific ingredients and mechanisms of action of popular fat burner supplements is warranted to ensure consumer safety.