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During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Peering into the Dynamics of Social Interactions: Measuring Play Fighting in Rats
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THE PATTERNS OF DYADIC FOREIGN CONFLICT FOR 1963.

D Hall, R J Rummel

    Multivariate Behavioral Research
    |January 27, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study identified five foreign conflict behaviors in 1963, noting negative communications as primary for major powers and increased militant actions between China and Taiwan. Negative sanctions and unofficial violence remained stable.

    Area of Science:

    • International Relations
    • Political Science
    • Conflict Studies

    Background:

    • Understanding dyadic foreign conflict behavior is crucial for international relations.
    • Previous research has focused on various aspects of conflict, but a comprehensive pattern analysis for a specific year is needed.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To delineate and analyze the patterns of dyadic foreign conflict behavior in 1963.
    • To identify the most prevalent and stable conflict behaviors during the study period.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of dyadic foreign conflict behavior data for the year 1963.
    • Categorization of conflict behaviors into distinct patterns.
    • Quantitative assessment of the frequency and intensity of each pattern.

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    Main Results:

    • Five distinct patterns of dyadic foreign conflict behavior were identified for 1963.
    • Negative communications were the primary behavior of major world powers.
    • The most militant conflict behavior involved China and Taiwan.
    • Negative sanctions and unofficial violence were stable patterns, each comprising about ten percent of foreign conflict behavior.
    • Unofficial violence was more frequent in less developed nations and often targeted major powers.

    Conclusions:

    • Dyadic foreign conflict behavior in 1963 exhibited diverse patterns, with significant variations in intensity and type.
    • Major powers predominantly engaged in negative communications, while smaller nations experienced more unofficial violence.
    • The findings highlight the complex nature of international conflict and the importance of analyzing specific behavioral patterns.