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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

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Association Structures Of Bright Children At Ages Nine And Twelve.

J D Swartz, L J Moran

    Multivariate Behavioral Research
    |January 28, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    The organization of children's word associations mirrors adults' and develops with age. Idiodynamic associative sets, reflecting personal word dictionaries, predict association commonality and reaction times in older children.

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Developmental Psychology
    • Psycholinguistics

    Background:

    • Free word association is a fundamental cognitive task.
    • Understanding the developmental trajectory of associative structures is crucial for cognitive science.
    • Previous research suggests age-related differences in word association patterns.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the factor structure of free word associations in children aged 9 and 12, comparing it to adults.
    • To examine the predictive power of idiodynamic associative sets on commonality scores and reaction times in different age groups.
    • To explore the interplay between personal and cultural influences on word association development.

    Main Methods:

    • Administered free word association tasks to children (9 and 12 years old) and adults.

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  • Analyzed the factor structure of the word association data.
  • Utilized idiodynamic associative sets to predict commonality scores and reaction times.

    • Main Results:

    • The factor structure of free word associations was consistent across 9-year-olds, 12-year-olds, and adults.
    • Idiodynamic associative sets predicted commonality scores but not reaction times in 9-year-olds.
    • Idiodynamic associative sets predicted both commonality scores and reaction times in 12-year-olds.

    Conclusions:

    • The organization of word associations shows developmental stability from childhood to adulthood.
    • Idiodynamic associative sets reflect a personal lexicon that influences word associations.
    • Cultural influences on association hierarchies emerge and interact with personal lexicons during development, impacting variability in word association tasks.