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Related Concept Videos

The Nucleosome02:33

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DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...
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Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
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Chromatin Packaging01:32

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
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Probing The Structure And Dynamics Of Nucleosomes Using Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging
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Nucleosome architecture throughout the cell cycle.

Özgen Deniz1,2, Oscar Flores1,2, Martí Aldea3

  • 1Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona). Baldiri Reixac 10-12. 08028 Barcelona, Spain.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals dynamic nucleosome rearrangements throughout the cell cycle in yeast. These changes impact gene transcription and DNA replication, offering new insights into cellular regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Nucleosomes regulate DNA access for transcription and replication.
  • Cell cycle-driven chromatin changes are poorly understood.
  • Understanding nucleosome dynamics is crucial for cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively study genome-wide nucleosome plasticity across the cell cycle.
  • To investigate nucleosome organization at transcription start sites (TSSs) and replication origins (ORIs).
  • To correlate nucleosome dynamics with gene expression and replication activity.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide nucleosome mapping at single base-pair resolution.
  • Analysis of nucleosome organization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • Focus on regulatory regions: TSSs and ORIs.

Main Results:

  • Nucleosomes exhibit cyclic rearrangements around TSSs, with a 'fuzzier' organization during S and M phases.
  • Nucleosome dynamics correlate with cell cycle-dependent gene expression.
  • Nucleosomes are dynamic around ORIs, with tighter regulation at early firing origins.

Conclusions:

  • Nucleosome organization is highly dynamic throughout the cell cycle.
  • Nucleosome plasticity significantly impacts transcription and DNA replication.
  • This study provides a dynamic view of nucleosome function in cellular processes.