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Distortions In A Commonly Used Factor Analytic Procedure.

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    Popular factor analysis methods using unities and eigenvalue 1.0 criteria inflate common variance and retain too many factors. This distorts empirical factor analytic study conclusions. Alternative approaches are discussed.

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    Area of Science:

    • Psychometrics
    • Statistical analysis
    • Quantitative psychology

    Background:

    • Factor analysis is a widely used statistical technique.
    • Common factor analysis procedures often employ specific estimation and extraction methods.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate a popular factor analysis procedure.
    • To identify potential distortions caused by this method.

    Main Methods:

    • Application of a specific factor analysis procedure (unities, eigenvalue 1.0, varimax rotation).
    • Analysis of previously published and artificial correlation matrices.

    Main Results:

    • The procedure resulted in the retention of an excessive number of factors.
    • Unrealistic inflation of common factor variance analyzed was observed.
    • Distortions in the conclusions of factor analytic investigations were identified.

    Conclusions:

    • The evaluated factor analysis procedure leads to significant analytical distortions.
    • Alternative methods are necessary to avoid these difficulties in empirical research.