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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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The cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells can exchange small molecules, ions, and secondary messengers via the communication channels which form the gap junctions. These junctions comprise a few hundred to thousands of molecular channels, each made of two halves, called the connexon hemichannel. A connexon is a hexamer of six transmembrane connexin proteins, which assemble radially, thus forming a pore or channel in the center. One connexon hemichannel docks with a corresponding connexon on the...
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Prospective, Randomized, and Controlled Study of a Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Injection for Treating Diabetic Foot Ulcers
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[Gap junction and diabetic foot].

Xiao-rong Zou1, Jian Tao1, Yun-kai Wang2

  • 1Department of Hypertension Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.

Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical Sciences
|January 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Connexins, proteins forming gap junctions, are altered by hyperglycemia. This contributes to diabetic foot ulcers by impairing neural regeneration and wound healing.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Medicine
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Gap junctions facilitate cell-to-cell communication via connexins.
  • Hyperglycemia disrupts connexin structure and expression.
  • This disruption impairs crucial physiological processes like neural regeneration and wound healing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of connexins in the pathogenesis of diabetic foot ulcers.
  • To highlight how hyperglycemia-induced connexin alterations contribute to diabetic complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on gap junctions, connexins, and diabetes.
  • Analysis of the molecular mechanisms linking hyperglycemia to connexin dysfunction.
  • Synthesis of evidence on the impact of connexin changes on diabetic foot ulcer development.

Main Results:

  • Hyperglycemia alters connexin expression and protein structure.
  • Connexin dysfunction obstructs neural regeneration and vascular function.
  • These effects promote the development of diabetic foot ulcers and vascular atherosclerosis.

Conclusions:

  • Connexins are key mediators in the pathogenesis of diabetic foot ulcers.
  • Targeting connexin pathways may offer therapeutic strategies for diabetic complications.