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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Overview
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Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:30

Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

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Adrenergic agonists have diverse therapeutic uses across various medical conditions and emergencies.
Emergency and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) applications: Pressor agents increase blood pressure, heart rate, and contractility in shock and organ failure situations. Dopamine can induce vasodilation and stimulate adrenoceptors. Endogenous catecholamines are effective in treating cardiogenic shock. α2-agonists like clonidine can reverse anesthesia-induced hypertension.
Allergies and...
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Adrenergic Agonists: Direct-Acting Agents01:30

Adrenergic Agonists: Direct-Acting Agents

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Drugs that mimic the action of endogenous catecholamines like noradrenaline and adrenaline are called adrenergic agonists or sympathomimetics. Based on their mechanism of action, sympathomimetics can be classified as direct-, indirect-, or mixed-acting sympathomimetics. Direct-acting adrenergic agonists activate adrenoceptors without affecting presynaptic neurons, making them independent of neuronal catecholamine-depleting agents like reserpine and guanethidine.
These agents can be classified...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Adrenergic Agonists: Mixed-Action Agents01:28

Adrenergic Agonists: Mixed-Action Agents

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Mixed-action adrenergic agonists, like ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, directly and indirectly affect adrenergic receptors. These agents stimulate adrenoceptors and indirectly release stored neurotransmitters, amplifying the adrenergic response.
Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine lack a catecholamine group, making them less susceptible to degradation by metabolic enzymes. They have increased oral bioavailability and lipophilicity, resulting in a longer duration of action. Their response is reduced by...
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Subcutaneous Angiotensin II Infusion using Osmotic Pumps Induces Aortic Aneurysms in Mice
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'Epinephrine-resistant' angioedema.

Nikhita Ange1, David J Rabbolini2, Michael Pidcock2

  • 1Department of Immunology, The Canberra Hospital, Woden, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.

BMJ Case Reports
|January 30, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A man with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) experienced airway compromise due to acquired angioedema. Prompt diagnosis and CLL treatment resolved the angioedema and improved C1 esterase protein levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • A patient presented with acute airway compromise and dysarthria caused by significant tongue enlargement.
  • Initial treatment for a presumed antibiotic-associated allergic reaction with epinephrine was ineffective.

Observation:

  • The patient had a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with a recent relapse.
  • Physical examination revealed a grossly enlarged tongue causing airway compromise.
  • Low C4 complement levels were detected, suggesting an alternative diagnosis.

Findings:

  • The patient's symptoms were diagnosed as acquired angioedema secondary to relapsed CLL.
  • Treatment targeting the underlying CLL led to resolution of angioedema.
  • Post-treatment, C1 esterase protein levels and function improved.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering acquired angioedema in patients with unexplained airway compromise, especially those with hematologic malignancies.
  • Effective management of the underlying condition (CLL) can resolve angioedema symptoms.
  • Early recognition and appropriate treatment are crucial for patient outcomes in such complex cases.