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Congenital toxoplasmosis in a 15 day-old infant. A case report
Insights
Diagnosing congenital toxoplasmosis is challenging due to varied symptoms. This case highlights autopsy confirmation of Toxoplasma gondii infection in multiple infant tissues.
Area of Science:
- Medical Parasitology
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Clinical Diagnostics
Background:
- Congenital toxoplasmosis, caused by *Toxoplasma gondii*, presents a diagnostic challenge in neonates.
- The clinical spectrum is broad, often mimicking other congenital infections.
- Early diagnosis is crucial for timely intervention and improved outcomes.
Observation:
- A 15-day-old infant presented with hydrocephalus, cerebral calcification, and chorioretinitis, raising suspicion for congenital toxoplasmosis.
- Initial serological tests showed high IgG but negative IgM antibodies.
- The infant unfortunately expired before repeat serological testing could be performed.
Findings:
- Autopsy confirmed congenital toxoplasmosis.
- Microscopic examination revealed *Toxoplasma gondii* parasites in brain, testicular, liver, spleen, and striated muscle tissues.
- Histopathological findings underscore the systemic nature of disseminated congenital toxoplasmosis.
Implications:
- This case underscores the difficulties in diagnosing congenital toxoplasmosis, particularly when serological markers are equivocal.
- Autopsy remains a critical tool for definitive diagnosis in complex pediatric cases.
- Emphasizes the need for heightened clinical suspicion and comprehensive diagnostic approaches for congenital parasitic infections.
Abstract:
A case congenital toxoplasmosis in a 15-day old infant was reported, citing the difficulties encountered in establishing the diagnosis due to the wide range of the disease's clinical spectrum. Congenital toxoplasmosis was suspected after finding hydrocephalus, cerebral calcification, and chorioretinitis. Serology tests with the ELISA technique were highly positive for antibodies against IgG, whereas anti-IgM was negative. The patient died before the second serological analysis was done. The final diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis was eventually established at autopsy, based on the detection of T. gondii in the brain, testicular, liver, spleen and striated muscle tissues.