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Author Spotlight: Leaf Trait Analysis for Climate and Ecology Reconstruction in Modern and Ancient Plant Communities

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Climate and Developmental Plasticity: Interannual Variability in Grapevine Leaf Morphology.

Daniel H Chitwood¹, Susan M Rundell¹, Darren Y Li¹

¹Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (D.H.C., S.M.R., D.Y.L., Q.L.W., T.T.Y., D.G.); University of Northern Iowa, Department of Biology, Cedar Falls, Iowa 50614 (J.R.L., J.K.); andU.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Grape Genetics Research Unit, Geneva, New York 14456 (J.P.L.).

Plant Physiology

|January 31, 2016

Summary

Leaf shape plasticity in grapevines (Vitis spp.) reflects environmental conditions. Colder, drier seasons correlate with more dissected leaves, offering insights into plant adaptation to climate change.

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Relating Stomatal Conductance to Leaf Functional Traits

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Published on: October 12, 2015

Area of Science:

Plant morphology and evolution
Climate change adaptation
Paleobotany and ecophysiology

Background:

Leaf shape is highly dynamic, influenced by evolution, development, and environmental factors.
Previous research shows correlations between leaf dissection/size and climate variables (temperature, precipitation) in fossil and extant plants.
A comprehensive morphometric model integrating these influences on leaf shape is currently lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

To conduct a morphometric analysis of grapevine (Vitis spp.) leaf shape across two growing seasons.
To identify specific leaf shape features associated with different growing seasons, independent of species or developmental stage.
To explore the implications of leaf shape plasticity in long-lived perennials like grapevines concerning climate change.

Main Methods:

Morphometric analysis of over 5,500 grapevine leaves from 270 individual plants across multiple Vitis species.
Leaves were paired to account for developmental context and compared between two distinct growing seasons.
Linear discriminant analysis was employed to identify shape features differentiating the growing seasons.

Main Results:

Specific leaf shape features were identified that distinguish between growing seasons, irrespective of species or developmental stage.
A more pronounced distal sinus in leaf shape was significantly associated with colder, drier growing seasons.
These findings align with patterns observed in the plant fossil record.

Conclusions:

Grapevine leaf shape exhibits significant plasticity in response to seasonal climate variations.
The observed leaf shape changes provide evidence for plant adaptation mechanisms to environmental fluctuations.
Understanding this plasticity is crucial for predicting the evolutionary and functional responses of long-lived woody plants to ongoing climate change.