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Murine Model of Leukemia Relapse to Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

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Published on: October 17, 2025

[Infant acute leukemia].

Benoît Brethon¹, Hélène Cavé², Mony Fahd¹

¹Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, hôpital Robert-Debré, hématologie et immunologie pédiatrique, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France.

Bulletin Du Cancer

|February 1, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Infant acute leukemia, particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), presents unique challenges due to immature cells and treatment toxicities. Novel targeted therapies are urgently needed as conventional treatments show limited success and high risks in infants.

Keywords:

Acute leukemia Infant Leucémie aiguë Lymphoblastic Lymphoblastique Myeloblastic Myéloblastique Newborn Nourrisson Nouveau-né

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Oncology
Hematology
Cancer Genetics

Context:

Acute leukemia is rare in infants (<1 year), with similar frequencies of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Infant leukemia often features high hyperleukocytosis, significant tumor burden, and extramedullary involvement (CNS, skin).
Leukemic cells in infants are typically immature, with Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) gene rearrangements being a common hallmark.

Purpose:

To review the unique characteristics of infant acute leukemia, including its presentation, genetic landscape, and treatment challenges.
To discuss the limitations of conventional therapies and the associated toxicities in this age group.
To highlight the urgent need for alternative treatment strategies, such as targeted therapies.

Summary:

Infant leukemia, characterized by immature cells and MLL rearrangements, exhibits resistance to conventional chemotherapy and corticosteroids.
Treatment is limited by drug dose-intensity intolerance, risks of radiotherapy, and high rates of infectious complications.
Survival rates for infant ALL and AML are significantly lower than in older children, necessitating new therapeutic approaches.

Impact:

Current treatment strategies for infant acute leukemia yield poor outcomes, with survival rates for ALL being notably limited compared to older children.
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is reserved for high-risk subgroups but carries significant morbidity and mortality.
The ethical considerations surrounding treatment toxicity and dismal prognosis underscore the critical need for innovative targeted therapies in infant leukemia.