Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Pyruvate Oxidation

Pyruvate Oxidation

After glycolysis, the charged pyruvate molecules enter the mitochondria via active transport and undergo three enzymatic reactions. These reactions ensure that pyruvate can enter the next metabolic pathway so that energy stored in the pyruvate molecules can be harnessed by the cells.
First, the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase removes the carboxyl group from pyruvate and releases it as carbon dioxide. The stripped molecule is then oxidized and releases electrons, which are then picked up by NAD+...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The Threshold Photoelectron Spectrum of the Vinylcyclopentadienyl Radical, a C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>7</sub> Resonance-Stabilized Radical.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2026

Same author

Mechanism, Thermochemistry, and Kinetics for the CH + N<sub>2</sub> Reaction Leading to Prompt NO Formation in Combustion.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2026

Same author

Laboratory Rotational Spectroscopy of CaC<sub>3</sub>N and CaC<sub>4</sub>H.

The journal of physical chemistry. A·2025

Same author

Enhanced superconducting transition temperature in electroplated rhenium.

Applied physics letters·2024

Same author

Direct Probes of π-Delocalization in Prototypical Resonance-Stabilized Radicals: Hyperfine-Resolved Microwave Spectroscopy of Isotopic Propargyl and Cyanomethyl.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2024

Same author

Mechanism, thermochemistry, and kinetics of the reversible reactions: C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub> ⇌ C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> + H ⇌ C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>.

Faraday discussions·2022

Same journal

Fiber-optic triggering of a two-stage high-current linear transformer driver with laser energy below 100 μJ.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026

Same journal

Optimization of laboratory-scale x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) apparatus for nuclear fuel research.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026

Same journal

Compressed multi-scale entropy and its application in mechanical fault diagnosis.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026

Same journal

Bidirectional drive and multi-resolution adjustment across frequency bands in inertial impact piezoelectric motors via multimodal resonant vibration.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026

Same journal

A magnetic field sensor based on flaky Terfenol-D material and dual fiber grating.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026

Same journal

A novel E-field eight-way cavity combiner for high-power S-band applications.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Biomass Conversion to Produce Hydrocarbon Liquid Fuel Via Hot-vapor Filtered Fast Pyrolysis and Catalytic Hydrotreating

Biomass Conversion to Produce Hydrocarbon Liquid Fuel Via Hot-vapor Filtered Fast Pyrolysis and Catalytic Hydrotreating

Published on: December 25, 2016

An optically accessible pyrolysis microreactor.

J H Baraban¹, D E David², G Barney Ellison¹

¹Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|February 1, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new optically accessible pyrolysis micro-reactor for in situ laser spectroscopy. This reactor offers unobstructed views and enables spectroscopic characterization of pyrolysis conditions.

More Related Videos

Utilization of Stop-flow Micro-tubing Reactors for the Development of Organic Transformations

Utilization of Stop-flow Micro-tubing Reactors for the Development of Organic Transformations

Published on: January 4, 2018

Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass Residues in a Twin-screw Mixing Reactor

Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass Residues in a Twin-screw Mixing Reactor

Published on: September 9, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Biomass Conversion to Produce Hydrocarbon Liquid Fuel Via Hot-vapor Filtered Fast Pyrolysis and Catalytic Hydrotreating

Biomass Conversion to Produce Hydrocarbon Liquid Fuel Via Hot-vapor Filtered Fast Pyrolysis and Catalytic Hydrotreating

Published on: December 25, 2016

Utilization of Stop-flow Micro-tubing Reactors for the Development of Organic Transformations

Utilization of Stop-flow Micro-tubing Reactors for the Development of Organic Transformations

Published on: January 4, 2018

Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass Residues in a Twin-screw Mixing Reactor

Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass Residues in a Twin-screw Mixing Reactor

Published on: September 9, 2016

Area of Science:

Chemical Engineering
Materials Science
Spectroscopy

Background:

Pyrolysis is crucial for understanding chemical transformations at high temperatures.
In situ monitoring of pyrolysis is challenging due to limited optical access.
Existing micro-reactor designs often obstruct optical measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and demonstrate an optically accessible pyrolysis micro-reactor.
To enable in situ laser spectroscopic measurements during pyrolysis.
To characterize pyrolysis conditions using laser-induced fluorescence.

Main Methods:

A novel radiative heating design for the micro-reactor.
Utilizing fused silica for optical transparency.
Implementing laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) for nitric oxide detection.

Main Results:

The micro-reactor provides unobstructed optical access along two axes.
Demonstrated a maximum operating temperature of 1300 K.
Successfully performed LIF measurements on nitric oxide.

Conclusions:

The developed micro-reactor is suitable for in situ laser spectroscopic studies of pyrolysis.
The design facilitates real-time monitoring of chemical species and conditions.
Future work can explore higher temperature materials for broader applications.