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Coccidioidomycosis in infants: A retrospective case series

Jessica M Lee1,2, Ana Lia Graciano1,3, Lukasz Dabrowski1,4

  • 1University of California at San Francisco, Fresno, California.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|February 2, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Coccidioidomycosis is rare in infants, presenting non-specifically like common respiratory illnesses. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for infant coccidioidomycosis outcomes in endemic regions.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Mycology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Coccidioidomycosis is uncommon in infants, with poorly understood acquisition mechanisms.
  • Infant coccidioidomycosis presents non-specifically, often mimicking typical infant respiratory infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical presentation, treatment strategies, and patient outcomes for pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in infants.
  • To enhance understanding of this rare pediatric fungal infection in endemic areas.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study of infants (<12 months) diagnosed with coccidioidomycosis.
  • Data collected from a tertiary children's hospital between 2003-2012.

Main Results:

  • Thirteen infants were hospitalized with coccidioidomycosis.
  • Common symptoms included fever, cough, and respiratory distress; disseminated disease occurred in some cases.
  • Antifungal treatment varied, with fluconazole as initial therapy; all patients survived to discharge with symptom resolution.

Conclusions:

  • Infant coccidioidomycosis presents insidiously and can resemble common respiratory illnesses.
  • Consider coccidioidomycosis in endemic areas for infants with persistent pulmonary symptoms unresponsive to standard treatments.
Abstract

Keywords:
coccidioidomycosisinfantsinfections: pneumonia

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