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Transfusion-acquired hepatitis A.

G P Giacoia1, D O Kasprisin

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine-Tulsa 74136.

Southern Medical Journal
|November 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis A outbreak linked to blood transfusion in a neonatal unit. Despite screening, infected blood products transmitted the virus, causing illness in some recipients and their contacts.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Transfusion Medicine

Background:

  • Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a significant cause of acute liver inflammation.
  • Blood transfusion is a potential route for pathogen transmission, necessitating rigorous screening protocols.
  • Recent implementation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) testing aims to mitigate transfusion-transmitted infections.

Observation:

  • An outbreak of hepatitis A occurred in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
  • The outbreak was linked to a single unit of packed red blood cells and platelets from an infected donor.
  • Several infants in the NICU received components from the implicated blood unit.

Findings:

  • Four infants exposed via transfusion showed serologic evidence of recent hepatitis A infection, though remained asymptomatic.
  • Symptomatic hepatitis A developed in several staff and family members exposed to the infants.
  • An adult recipient of platelets from the same unit developed elevated liver enzymes, and his wife also showed serologic evidence of infection.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the risk of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis A, even with current screening measures like ALT testing.
  • It underscores the importance of donor vigilance and potential for occult hepatitis A transmission.
  • Further strategies may be needed to enhance the safety of blood products against hepatitis A.

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