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Urinary Bladder01:23

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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The muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum are crucial for supporting the pelvic organs, controlling continence, and aiding in sexual function, childbirth, and core stability. They are typically divided into the superficial perineal layer and the deep pelvic floor layer.
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The peritoneum is a vital membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the organs within it. It plays a crucial role in protecting the organs, providing a smooth surface for their movement, and facilitating various physiological processes. Understanding the anatomy and function of the peritoneum is essential for comprehending the complexities of the abdominal region.
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The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
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Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Mouse Model of Surgical Uterine Injury and Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes
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[Placenta percreta with bladder and rectum invasion].

Froilán Tórrez-Morales1, Jesús Carlos Briones-Garduño2

  • 1Medicina Crítica en Obstetricia, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Ciudad de México, México.

Cirugia Y Cirujanos
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Summary

This case study presents a successful multidisciplinary approach for managing placenta percreta. The sequential treatment involved chemotherapy and embolization, offering a viable alternative to hysterectomy.

Keywords:
ChemotherapyEmbolisationEmbolizaciónPercretismo placentarioPlacenta accretaQuimioterapia

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Interventional Radiology

Background:

  • Placenta percreta poses significant risks, including massive hemorrhage and mortality.
  • While hysterectomy is standard, alternative treatments like uterine artery embolization and chemotherapy are explored.

Observation:

  • A 28-year-old patient at 28.4 weeks gestation was diagnosed with placenta percreta invading the bladder and rectum.
  • A sequential treatment protocol was initiated, including Cesarean delivery with placenta in situ, uterine artery embolization, and methotrexate chemotherapy.

Findings:

  • The multidisciplinary management included Cesarean delivery, uterine artery embolization, weekly methotrexate chemotherapy for 4 doses, and bilateral hypogastric artery ligation followed by hysterectomy.
  • The patient recovered favorably and was discharged in good condition.

Implications:

  • This sequential, multidisciplinary approach offers a potential therapeutic alternative for placenta percreta.
  • Selective embolization, chemotherapy, and surgical intervention should be considered in complex placenta percreta cases.