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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

49.8K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
49.8K
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

14.3K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Isolating Nasal Olfactory Stem Cells from Rodents or Humans
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Isolating Nasal Olfactory Stem Cells from Rodents or Humans

Published on: August 22, 2011

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Office-based olfactory mucosa biopsies.

Eric H Holbrook1,2, Lina Rebeiz2, James E Schwob2

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology
|February 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obtaining olfactory mucosal biopsies is crucial for neuroscience research. A refined endoscopic technique in an office setting significantly improves the yield of true olfactory tissue, ensuring reliable scientific conclusions.

Keywords:
S100humansimmunohistochemistryintermediate filamentsolfactory ensheathing cellsolfactory epitheliumolfactory filap75 neurotrophin receptor

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Rhinology

Background:

  • Increasing research demands for olfactory mucosal biopsies due to advances in neuroscience and stem cell biology.
  • Variable success rates (often <50%) reported in obtaining true olfactory tissue.
  • Potential for erroneous conclusions if biopsies are not carefully obtained and histologically confirmed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a consistent biopsy technique for higher yields of olfactory mucosa.
  • To ensure accurate identification of olfactory tissue through confirmatory analysis.
  • To strengthen clinical correlations and scientific conclusions in olfactory research.

Main Methods:

  • Endoscopic guidance used for biopsies of the septum within the anterior olfactory cleft.
  • Office procedure room setting with topical local anesthetic (lidocaine).
  • Small, cupped biopsy forceps used to obtain 2-3 mm specimens; analyzed via immunohistochemistry.

Main Results:

  • 14 subjects underwent biopsy; 4 in the operating room (OR) and 10 in the clinic.
  • All OR biopsies confirmed olfactory mucosa.
  • 80% (8/10) of clinic biopsies confirmed olfactory mucosa.
  • No complications were encountered during the procedures.

Conclusions:

  • High yields of olfactory mucosa can be safely obtained in an office-based setting.
  • Proper biopsy technique, including site selection, is critical.
  • Confirmatory histological analysis is essential for assuring the presence of olfactory tissue.