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Decreased pulse rate01:14

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Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
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Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a...
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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Pulse rhythm01:30

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Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
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Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine
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Syncope in Patients with Pacemakers.

Richard Sutton1

  • 1National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.

Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review
|February 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Syncope in pacemaker patients is seldom due to device malfunction. Tilt testing helps identify vasovagal syncope, guiding treatment to manage hypotension and prevent recurrence.

Keywords:
Syncopeatrioventricular blockcarotid sinus syndromepacemakerpacemaker malfunctionsinus node diseasetilt testingvasovagal syncope

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Syncope is a serious symptom in pacemaker patients, but rarely caused by device failure.
  • Pacemaker implantation is common for various conditions including atrioventricular block, sinus node disease, and carotid sinus syndrome.
  • Vasovagal syncope recurrence rates vary significantly, influenced by tilt testing results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causes of syncope in patients with pacemakers.
  • To evaluate the role of tilt testing in diagnosing vasovagal syncope.
  • To outline the clinical approach for managing syncope in pacemaker recipients.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of syncope occurrence in patients paced for different conditions (AV block, sinus node disease, carotid sinus syndrome, vasovagal syncope).
  • Correlation of syncope recurrence with tilt testing outcomes in vasovagal syncope patients.
  • Review of treatment strategies for recurrent syncope, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches.

Main Results:

  • Syncope is uncommon due to pacemaker malfunction.
  • Tilt testing positivity in vasovagal syncope indicates a tendency towards hypotension and recurrence.
  • Treatment adjustments, such as reducing hypotensive therapy, can manage recurrent syncope.

Conclusions:

  • Syncope in pacemaker patients warrants thorough investigation but is rarely device-related.
  • Tilt testing is crucial for identifying patients with vasovagal syncope at risk of recurrence.
  • Management strategies should focus on addressing underlying hypotensive tendencies.