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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Establishment and Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Risk Factors Associated with Thyroid Carcinoma in North Pakistan.

Muhammad Aleem Khan1, Kamran Hakeem Khan, Sajid Ali Shah

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Thyroid cancer was found in 26% of goiter patients, predominantly papillary type. Increased swelling size and higher thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were linked to higher cancer rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Limited epidemiological data on thyroid cancer and risk factors in the study region.
  • Study aimed to provide insights for thyroid physicians and surgeons.
  • Need for localized data to improve patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Determine the frequency of thyroid carcinoma in patients with goiter.
  • Investigate associations between thyroid cancer and TSH, Tg/ATg levels, and demographics.
  • Identify risk factors for thyroid cancer in a goiter patient cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Enrolled 73 adult patients with solitary solid cold nodules or multinodular goiter.
  • Histopathological examination of surgically resected thyroid samples.
  • Analyzed associations with gender, age, swelling size, TSH, Tg, and ATg.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid cancer diagnosed in 26% of patients (19/73).
  • Papillary thyroid cancer (73.7%) predominated over follicular thyroid cancer (26.3%).
  • Significant association found between thyroid cancer and recent swelling increase and higher TSH values (P<0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Overall thyroid cancer prevalence in the study was 26%.
  • Papillary thyroid cancer was the most common subtype.
  • Recent swelling increase and elevated pre-surgery TSH levels correlated with higher cancer rates.