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Is in-group bias culture-dependent? A meta-analysis across 18 societies
Ronald Fischer1, Crysta Derham2
1Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus, Denmark ; Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
Abstract:
We report a meta-analysis on the relationship between in-group bias and culture. Our focus is on whether broad macro-contextual variables influence the extent to which individuals favour their in-group. Data from 21,266 participants from 18 societies included in experimental and survey studies were available. Using Hofstede's (1980) and Schwartz (2006) culture-level predictors in a 3-level mixed-effects meta-analysis, we found strong support for the uncertainty-reduction hypothesis. An interaction between Autonomy and real vs artificial groups suggested that in low autonomy contexts, individuals show greater in-group bias for real groups. Implications for social identity theory and intergroup conflict are outlined.
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