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Synthetic erythrocytes.

L Djordjevich1, A D Ivankovich

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Rush Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.

Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
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Synthetic erythrocytes (SEs) offer a universal blood substitute, mimicking red blood cells for oxygen delivery. While effective in animal models, potential RES suppression and sterilization challenges require further research.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Hematology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Red blood cells (RBCs) are crucial for oxygen transport.
  • Limitations of current blood transfusions include blood group matching and storage.
  • Development of artificial oxygen carriers is a key area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of synthetic erythrocytes (SEs) as a blood substitute.
  • To characterize the oxygen-carrying capacity and rheological properties of SEs.
  • To assess the in vivo performance and longevity of SEs in animal models.

Main Methods:

  • SEs were synthesized by incorporating stroma-free hemoglobin (SFH) or lipid-heme into liposomes.
  • Oxygen-dissociation curves and viscosity were measured.

Related Experiment Videos

  • In vivo experiments involved total exchange transfusions in laboratory animals.
  • Cardiorespiratory function, blood chemistry, and organ integrity were monitored.

    • Main Results:

    • SEs demonstrated oxygen-carrying and -delivering capabilities similar to RBCs.
    • SE suspensions exhibited comparable rheological properties to blood.
    • In vivo studies showed SEs could sustain life after near-complete blood removal with no significant organ damage or coagulation issues.
    • SEs showed no acute toxicity and acted as universal donors, but massive doses suppressed the reticuloendothelial system (RES).

    Conclusions:

    • SEs show promise as a universal blood substitute with good oxygen transport and stability.
    • Further research is needed to address RES suppression and sterilization challenges for clinical application.
    • The potential for long shelf-life and lack of allergic reactions are significant advantages.