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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Sperm processing for advanced reproductive technologies: Where are we today?

Kari L Rappa1, Harold F Rodriguez2, Gloria C Hakkarainen3

  • 1Computer Engineering & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Lab, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States; Asghar-Lab, Micro and Nanotechnology for Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States.

Biotechnology Advances
|February 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Conventional sperm sorting methods damage sperm DNA. Newer techniques like microfluidics avoid centrifugation, improving sperm quality and outcomes for assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs).

Keywords:
Advanced reproductive technologiesChemotaxisICSIIn vitro fertilizationSperm sorting

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Andrology

Background:

  • Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) rely on sperm sorting to select viable sperm.
  • Current methods like density gradient centrifugation and swim-up often involve multiple centrifugation steps.
  • Centrifugation can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to sperm DNA damage and reduced quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in sperm sorting techniques.
  • To compare centrifugation-based and non-centrifugation-based methods.
  • To evaluate the impact of these techniques on sperm quality and ART outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on sperm sorting technologies.
  • Analysis of centrifugation-based techniques (density gradient centrifugation, swim-up).
  • Analysis of non-centrifugation-based techniques (microfluidics, electrophoresis, MSOME, birefringence).

Main Results:

  • Centrifugation methods can induce oxidative stress, compromising sperm DNA integrity and motility.
  • Non-centrifugation methods (microfluidics, etc.) avoid centrifugation, preserving sperm DNA integrity.
  • Improved sperm selection with newer technologies leads to better morphology, motility, and potentially higher ART success rates.

Conclusions:

  • Non-centrifugation sperm sorting techniques offer significant advantages over traditional methods.
  • These advanced techniques enhance sperm DNA integrity, morphology, and motility.
  • Adoption of newer methods can improve overall outcomes in assisted reproductive technologies.