Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...

Histone Modification

Histone Modification

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...

The Nucleosome Core Particle

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...

The Nucleosome Core Particle

The Nucleosome Core Particle

Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Healing of the Torn Anterior Horn of Rabbit Medial Meniscus to Bone after Transtibial Pull-Out Repair and Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma Gel Injection.

Orthopaedic surgery·2022

Same author

Efficacy and Safety of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension-specific Therapy in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Chest·2016

Same author

Influence factors on the correlations between expression levels of neighboring pattern genes.

Bio Systems·2015

Same author

[Role of calcineurin in down-regulation of left ventricular transmural voltage- dependent K(+) currents in mice with heart failure].

Sheng li xue bao : [Acta physiologica Sinica]·2015

Same author

Combinatorial patterns of histone modifications in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Yeast (Chichester, England)·2011

Same author

Cordyceps sinensis extract suppresses hypoxia-induced proliferation of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.

Saudi medical journal·2010

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis

Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis

Published on: May 17, 2016

Combinations of Histone Modifications for Pattern Genes.

Xiang-Jun Cui¹, Chen-Xia Shi²

¹School of Mathematics, Physics and Biological Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China. cuinmgkjdx@126.com.

Acta Biotheoretica

|February 6, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Histone modifications regulate gene expression. This study reveals how multiple histone modifications jointly impact gene expression levels across different gene categories, uncovering specific combinatorial patterns.

Keywords:

Acetylation Histone Histone code Methylation Protein coding region

More Related Videos

Analysis of Histone Antibody Specificity with Peptide Microarrays

Analysis of Histone Antibody Specificity with Peptide Microarrays

Published on: August 1, 2017

The ChroP Approach Combines ChIP and Mass Spectrometry to Dissect Locus-specific Proteomic Landscapes of Chromatin

The ChroP Approach Combines ChIP and Mass Spectrometry to Dissect Locus-specific Proteomic Landscapes of Chromatin

Published on: April 11, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis

Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis

Published on: May 17, 2016

Analysis of Histone Antibody Specificity with Peptide Microarrays

Analysis of Histone Antibody Specificity with Peptide Microarrays

Published on: August 1, 2017

The ChroP Approach Combines ChIP and Mass Spectrometry to Dissect Locus-specific Proteomic Landscapes of Chromatin

The ChroP Approach Combines ChIP and Mass Spectrometry to Dissect Locus-specific Proteomic Landscapes of Chromatin

Published on: April 11, 2014

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Epigenetics
Genomics

Background:

Histone post-translational modifications are crucial for gene transcription.
These modifications can function in a combinatorial manner to regulate gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of multiple histone modifications on the expression levels of five gene categories.
To analyze the combinatorial patterns of histone modifications across these gene categories.

Main Methods:

Analysis of histone modification levels in coding regions.
Statistical comparison of gene expression levels between categories.
Identification and analysis of histone modification combinations.

Main Results:

Significant differences in expression levels were observed between all gene categories.
Distinct patterns of multiple histone modifications were found corresponding to different gene categories.
Multiple histone modifications collectively influenced the expression of each gene category.
Four specific mutual combinations of histone modifications were identified and characterized.

Conclusions:

Histone modification patterns are associated with distinct gene expression levels.
The interplay of multiple histone modifications is a key determinant of gene expression regulation.
Understanding these combinatorial patterns provides insights into transcriptional control mechanisms.