Keratoacanthoma (KA): An update and review

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Keratoacanthoma (KA) is a frequent yet underreported skin tumor.
• KA presents a unique clinical behavior characterized by rapid growth followed by spontaneous regression.
• Its classification remains debated, situated between benign and malignant skin neoplasms.

Purpose of the Study:

• To consolidate current knowledge on Keratoacanthoma.
• To provide comprehensive insights into clinical, histopathological, and dermoscopic diagnostic features.
• To elucidate ethiopathogenesis and outline therapeutic strategies for KA.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of clinical, histopathological, and dermoscopic findings.
• Analysis of current ethiopathogenesis concepts, including genetic factors and signaling pathways.
• Compilation of established and emerging treatment modalities.

Main Results:

• Detailed description of KA variants, including multiple forms.
• Emphasis on the genetic basis of familial KA and the role of the Wnt signaling pathway.
• Discussion of KA induction by BRAF inhibitors and aesthetic procedures.

Conclusions:

• Accurate diagnosis relies on integrating clinical, histopathological, and dermoscopic data.
• Understanding KA's complex ethiopathogenesis informs management strategies.
• Surgical excision is the primary treatment, with various alternative therapies available.