Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 26, 2026
06:58
Analysis of Interactions between Endobiotics and Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Bath Fermentation Systems
Published on: August 23, 2019
7.7K
The Reciprocal Interactions between Polyphenols and Gut Microbiota and Effects on Bioaccessibility
Tugba Ozdal1, David A Sela2, Jianbo Xiao3
1Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Okan Univesity, Tuzla, Istanbul TR-34959, Turkey. tugba.ozdal@okan.edu.tr.
Nutrients
|February 11, 2016
Summary
Polyphenols offer health benefits, but their bioavailability is complex. This review explores the two-way interactions between polyphenols and gut microbiota, crucial for understanding their effects on human health.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Science
- Microbiology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Polyphenols are increasingly studied for health benefits, with a focus on bioavailability.
- Understanding polyphenol-gut microbiota interactions is key to their biological functions.
- Existing research on polyphenol bioavailability is extensive, yet the mutual relationship with gut microbiota remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the biotransformation of polyphenols by gut microbiota.
- To examine the modulation of gut microbiota composition by polyphenols.
- To elucidate the impact of these bidirectional interactions on polyphenol bioavailability and human health.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of in vivo and in vitro studies.
- Analysis of research on polyphenol metabolism by gut bacteria.
- Synthesis of studies investigating polyphenol effects on microbial communities.
Main Results:
- Gut microbiota significantly biotransform polyphenols into bioactive metabolites.
- Polyphenols can alter the composition and function of the gut microbiota.
- These interactions create a complex interplay affecting overall polyphenol bioavailability.
Conclusions:
- The bidirectional relationship between polyphenols and gut microbiota is critical for health outcomes.
- Further research is needed to fully understand and leverage these interactions.
- Targeting polyphenol-gut microbiota axes may offer novel strategies for health improvement.
Related Concept Videos
01:18Functions of the Gut Microbiota
19
The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
19
01:22Probiotics
55
Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
55
01:27The Oral Microbiota
14
The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
14
01:20Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry
653
Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
653
01:05Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention
305
Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
305
01:23Factors Influencing Bioavailability: First-Pass Elimination
8.5K
When a drug is taken orally, it undergoes a journey starting from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, passing through the portal vein, reaching the liver, and finally entering the systemic circulation. This process involves the absorption of the drug across the GI tract. The liver is the primary site for metabolizing the drug, with some metabolism also occurring in the gut wall. This journey significantly reduces the quantity of the drug that reaches the systemic circulation, a phenomenon known as...
8.5K