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Endocytic pathways and endosomal trafficking: a primer.

Sarah R Elkin1, Ashley M Lakoduk1, Sandra L Schmid2

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., 75390-9039, Dallas, TX, USA.

Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
|February 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This review highlights endocytic trafficking, focusing on how proteins move through early and late endosomes. It details mechanisms of endosomal acidification and sorting pathways to the cell surface, trans-Golgi network, or lysosomes.

Keywords:
Caveolae-mediated endocytosisClathrin-dependent endocytosisClathrin-independent endocytosisClathrin-mediated endocytosisEndocytic traffickingEndocytosisEndosomesMultivesicular bodiesPhosphatidylinositol phospholipidsRab proteinsRabs

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Endocytic trafficking is crucial for cellular processes, involving the movement of internalized molecules through distinct membrane-bound compartments.
  • Early research by Renate Fuchs in the 1980s established the ion-conducting properties and acidification mechanisms of endosomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of endocytic trafficking pathways.
  • To summarize the mechanisms governing endosomal acidification and protein sorting.
  • To honor the pioneering work of Renate Fuchs in endosomal research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on endocytic pathways.
  • Discussion of molecular machinery involved in endosomal sorting.
  • Analysis of the roles of rab proteins and phosphatidylinositol lipids.

Main Results:

  • Internalized proteins converge in early/sorting endosomes and diverge into distinct pathways.
  • Transmembrane receptors are sorted into late endosomes/multivesicular bodies for lysosomal degradation.
  • Endosomal acidification is a key factor in determining sorting decisions.

Conclusions:

  • Endocytic trafficking involves complex sorting mechanisms within endosomes.
  • Rab proteins and phosphatidylinositol lipids dynamically regulate endosomal compartments.
  • Understanding these pathways is essential for cellular function and has been significantly advanced by pioneers like Renate Fuchs.