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Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) enable precise construction of crystalline extended structures. These advanced materials offer tunable porosity and chemical functionality for diverse applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Covalent chemistry traditionally focuses on discrete molecules.
  • Linking molecular units into crystalline solids presents a significant crystallization challenge.
  • Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent a paradigm shift, extending covalent chemistry to extended structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the development of strategies overcoming the crystallization problem in MOF and COF synthesis.
  • To showcase the unique properties and applications arising from crystalline extended structures.
  • To emphasize the potential of MOFs and COFs in creating functional materials with designed porosity and chemical complexity.

Main Methods:

  • Development of synthetic strategies to overcome the crystallization problem in forming covalent solids.
  • Utilizing large molecular building units to create open, crystalline frameworks.
  • Covalent functionalization of MOFs and COFs post-synthesis to introduce chemical complexity.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of numerous crystalline MOFs and COFs with tunable porosity.
  • Demonstration of covalent reactions on frameworks, retaining crystallinity and porosity.
  • Creation of well-defined mesoscopic constructs, such as nanoMOFs enclosing inorganic nanocrystals, enhancing their properties.

Conclusions:

  • MOFs and COFs enable precise control over framework architecture, porosity, and functionality.
  • These materials offer a platform for advanced chemical synthesis and material design.
  • The ability to perform post-synthetic modifications opens avenues for creating novel functional materials with tailored properties.