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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

2.9K
The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
2.9K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.6K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
3.6K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.6K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.6K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.9K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.9K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.7K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.7K
¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns01:13

¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns

8.4K
When protons A and X are coupled, their nuclear spin energy levels are slightly modified. This is because the energy required to excite proton A to a spin state parallel to proton X is slightly different from the energy required for it to become anti-parallel to spin X. Consequently, there are two possible excitation frequencies for A (A1 and A2), depending on the spin state of X, and vice versa. The mutual nature of coupling implies that the difference between frequencies A1 and A2, indicated...
8.4K

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Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Using Polystyrene-block-polyacrylic acid-coated Metal Nanoparticles as Monomers for Their Homo- and Co-polymerization
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Strong plasmon coupling in self-assembled superparamagnetic nanoshell chains.

Min Xiong1, Xiulong Jin1, Jian Ye1

  • 1School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China. yejian78@sjtu.edu.cn.

Nanoscale
|February 12, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a fast, low-cost method using magnetic fields to create long chains of plasmonic nanoparticles. These chains show strong light-matter interactions, useful for advanced optical and sensing applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasmonics
  • Nanophotonics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Ordered plasmonic nanoparticle patterns are crucial for nanophotonics.
  • Existing methods for constructing these patterns can be complex and costly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a facile, low-cost method for creating large-area plasmonic nanoparticle chains.
  • To investigate the optical properties and potential applications of these self-assembled chains.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetic field-induced self-assembly of plasmonic superparamagnetic nanoshells (SNs).
  • Fabrication of SN chains up to several hundred micrometers in seconds.
  • Experimental and theoretical analysis of near- and far-field optical properties.

Main Results:

  • Continuous redshift of super- and sub-radiant modes with increasing SN number.
  • Emergence of Fano resonance in double- and triple-line SN chains.
  • Significant electric field enhancements at visible and infrared wavelengths due to strong plasmon coupling.

Conclusions:

  • The self-assembly method provides a template-free, efficient way to construct plasmonic nanostructures.
  • SN chains are promising substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA).
  • This approach offers a general strategy for fabricating nanostructures for metamaterials, energy transport, and optical waveguides.