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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.7K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.6K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.9K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.9K
¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

2.9K
The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
2.9K
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.6K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
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Spin-orbit coupling effects on electronic structures in stanene nanoribbons.

Wenqi Xiong1, Congxin Xia, Yuting Peng

  • 1Department of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China. xiacongxin@htu.edu.cn.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|February 12, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Stanene nanoribbons exhibit distinct electronic and magnetic properties. Spin-orbit coupling influences their potential applications in spintronics and quantum Hall effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Stanene, a single layer of tin atoms, is a promising 2D material with unique electronic properties.
  • Understanding the electronic structures and magnetic characteristics of stanene nanoribbons (SnNRs) is crucial for their technological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electronic structures and magnetic properties of stanene nanoribbons (SnNRs).
  • To explore the effects of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and edge passivation on SnNR properties.
  • To determine the potential applications of stanene nanostructures in spintronics and quantum spin Hall effect.

Main Methods:

  • First-principle calculations were employed to study stanene nanoribbons.
  • Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effects were incorporated into the calculations.
  • Edge passivation effects were considered for different nanoribbon configurations.

Main Results:

  • Armchair SnNRs were found to be nonmagnetic semiconductors with band gaps that oscillate with ribbon width.
  • Zigzag SnNRs exhibited antiferromagnetic ground states with spin order dependent on ribbon width.
  • Dangling bonds significantly influenced the ferromagnetic moments of zigzag SnNRs.
  • SOC effects increased band gaps in stanene sheets and zigzag SnNRs but decreased them in armchair SnNRs.

Conclusions:

  • Stanene nanostructures possess tunable electronic and magnetic properties.
  • The interplay between ribbon width, edge effects, and SOC determines the material's behavior.
  • Stanene nanoribbons show potential for applications in spintronics and quantum spin Hall devices.