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Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Flash-and-Freeze: A Novel Technique to Capture Membrane Dynamics with Electron Microscopy
Published on: May 1, 2017
T Werk1, I S Ludwig2, J Luemkemann2
1Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland; currently at Lonza AG, Drug Product Services, Basel, Switzerland; and Institute for Medical Technology, Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim (Germany) tobias.werk@roche.com.
Improved freeze-drying processes for dual-chamber systems significantly reduce manufacturing costs and time. These methods enhance heat transfer and homogeneity, making lyophilized biologics more accessible for self-administration.
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