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Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children
Published on: August 22, 2012
RICKETS IN RURAL KENYAN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN: CASE REPORT
N O Bwibo1, S Nyawade, C G Neumann
1Department of Paediatrics, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 19676-00202, Nairobi, Kenya.
Abstract:
Clinical rickets has not been reported previously in Embu district, Kenya. Baseline clinical assessments performed for a nutrition intervention study in preschool children (n=324) identified 28 cases of rickets (8.6% of study sample). Clinical characteristics included: delays of sitting, walking, and teething; bone and chest deformities; widened wrists and ankles; and bowed lower extremities. Risk factors identified were short duration of breastfeeding with feeding of cereal-based supplements with little or no milk, low calcium intake, limited sunlight exposure. Vitamin D and calcium deficiencies likely contributed to these cases. Treatment with Vitamin D3 and milk resulted in clinical improvement.
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